Depression Signs and Symptoms Free Essays

Psychological instability: Depression a genuine ailment wherein an individual feels exceptionally miserable, sad, immaterial, outrage without excitement, and regularly can't live in an ordinary life. Every individual is extraordinary and will have one of a kind manifestations, however here are a portion of the more typical side effects of misery: Feeling of bitterness and misfortune: Feeling that life does not merit living or worth the push to try and keep up their appearance or cleanliness. They may accept that a negative circumstance will never change nd be cynical about their future Feelings of blame and uselessness: Low confidence and blame expecting fault for negative occasions or conditions. We will compose a custom article test on Melancholy: Signs and Symptoms or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now You may feel like a disappointment and have negative perspectives about their capability and self-esteem. You feel as though you are not â€Å"good enough. † Changes in weight or craving: Depression influences the hunger somehow. Frequently, you Just lose enthusiasm for eating on the grounds that the food has no taste. At the point when tension is high, you will most likely be unable to eat. Now and again, in any case, individuals will indulge out of dissatisfaction or hopelessness. Changes in dozing designs like a sleeping disorder: Sleep unsettling influences are normal indications of despondency. A â€Å"good night’s sleep† turns out to be for all intents and purposes incomprehensible. Numerous individuals grumble of awakening in the night with their psyche dashing, considering how they will defeat the entirety of the impediments before them. Others do minimal other than rest yet never feel rested. In the two cases, the developed weariness can bother each other part of despondency. Lessens capacity to think plainly or decide: It influences your capacity to decide, think unmistakably, perform confounded assignments, concentrate, and recall things. You may feel that you don’t recollect things that you did previously, that you can't concentrate on your work, or that you can't settle on choices Anxiety: A sentiment of stress, apprehension, or disquiet about something with an unsure result. Repeating contemplations of self destruction or self-hurt: When you experience the ill effects of misery, considerations of self destruction are frequently normal. On the off chance that there is no help over a significant stretch of time, self destruction can feel like the best way to end the torment. Social Isolation: Poor correspondence lacking association with loved ones. Staying away from family get-togethers and occasions. Youngsters that used to invest a great deal of energy with companions may now invest the vast majority of their time alone and without premiums. Not imparting sentiments to other people, accepting that you are separated from everyone else on the planet and nobody is tuning in to you or even thinks about you. Sadness: Signs and Symptoms By spiderwebz Step by step instructions to refer to Depression: Signs and Symptoms, Papers

Smart Car Analysis

Group CASE ASSIGNMENT-SMART CAR USA 1. Distinguish AT LEAST 3 BASES FOR SEGMENTING THE MARKET FOR SMART CAR IN THE US. Set up A MARKET-PRODUCT GRID ILLUSTRATING AT LEAST ONE OF THESE BASES. ? Geographic Segmentation: Larger urban communities that experience the ill effects of clog ? Segment Segmentation: Appeal to more youthful adults(Age), Affordability (Income) ? Conduct Segmentation: Park-capacity, Less fuel, ecological awareness 2. What rules should Smart Car use in surveying the appeal of potential market segments?Select the market fragment that you believe is the most alluring for Smart Car and examine the contemplations that drove you to settle on that target showcase choice. Despite the fact that THE CRITERIA OF COMPETITIVE POSITION CAN BE USED DUE TO THE LOW NUMBER OF COMPETITORS, THE EXPECTATION OF MARKET GROWTH WILL INFLUENCE COMPETITORS TO ENTER THE MARKET. Thusly, THE FIRST CRITERIA USED TO ASSESS THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF POTENTIAL MARKET SEGMENTS WOULD BE THE EXPECTED GROW TH. THE SIZE OF THE MARKET IN THE SEGMENT WILL CONTINUE TO GROW SIGNIFICANTLY.AMERICANS HAVE MANY REASONS TO START LOOKING TOWARDS SMALLER CARS; SOARING GAS PRICES, ECONOMIC DOWNTURN, CONGESTION, AIR POLLUTION AND PARKING LIMITATIONS/DIFFICULTY. Likewise, AS TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTS SEEM TO GET SMALLER. THE KEY TO MARKET SUCCESS IS THE REALIZATION BY AMERICANS THAT SMART CAR CAN ADDRESS MANY FACTORS ENVIRONMENTALLY AND ECONOMICALLY. Numerous CONSUMERS ARE NOT AWARE OF THE ASPECTS AND FEATURES OF SMART CAR. Shrewd CAR ENCOMPASSES INNOVATION, INTELLIGENCE, FUNCTIONALITY, FUEL EFFICIENCY AND MOST OF ALL SAFETY IN ITS SMALL DESIGN.IT IS ALSO MADE OUT OF RECYCLABLE MATERIALS TO BE ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE. THE CAR CAN BE PARKED UNIQUELY IN AREAS THAT REGULAR SIZED CARS CANNOT HOLD. THE SMART CAR WILL BE A ‘TRENDSETTER’ FOR SMALL CARS. THE MARKET SEGMENT THAT THE SMART CAR WOULD MOST BE ATTRACTIVE TO IS THE MODERATE INCOME INDIVIDUALS, WHICH ARE USUALLY YOU NGER ADULTS. In any case, WITH THE CURRENT ECONOMIC CRISIS MANY INDIVIDUALS INCOME HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED. Savvy CAR’S AFFORDABILITY WOULD APPEAL TO THOSE THAT WANT TO SAVE ON THE PURCHASE OF CAR WHICH WOULD ALSO LEAD TO FUEL COSTS SAVINGS.AS FUEL PRICES CONTINUE TO SOAR, THE MARKET FOR FUEL EFFICIENT SMALL CARS WILL INCREASE. THIS WAS EXEMPLIFIED THROUGH THE â€Å"CASH FOR CLUNKERS† CAMPAIGN BY THE GOVERNMENT IN WHICH MORE CONSUMERS LOOK TOWARD SMALL CARS TO SAVE ON GAS. Savvy CAR IS FOR THOSE WHO WANT TO MAKE A STATEMENT ABOUT WHO THEY ARE THROUGH THE PRODUCT THAT THEY BUY. 3. By what method MIGHT SMART CAR USE SEGMENTATION FOR POSITIONING PURPOSES? In view of SEGMENT YOU SELECTED, CREATE A POSITIONING STATEMENT FOR SMART CAR IN THE U. S. Examine YOUR POSITIONING STATEMENT IN TERMS OF RELEVANCE TO THE TARGET MARKET TOWARDS WHICH THE STATEMENT IS WRITTEN.Product situating alludes to the spot in consumers’ minds that a contribution involves significant cre dits comparative with serious items. An advertising administrator can utilize item situating to change the route later on, the situation of the item in consumers’ minds. Division can be utilized by savvy vehicle for situating purposes by utilizing separation situating which includes looking for a less serious, littler market specialty in which to find a brand. Shrewd vehicle should utilize socioeconomics division so as to achieve wanted results.Smart vehicles are more affordable and littler than customary vehicles subsequently, it offers to the more youthful age as can be found in the network above. This is so on the grounds that, they have lower salary, they travel to the city all the more much of the time and subsequently needs the accommodation of savvy vehicle. Shrewd Car Positioning Statement For taught buyers who want a simple drive in substantial rush hour gridlock, simpler leaving and bother free driving experience. Savvy Car is a moderate vehicle that is eco-friendly and the best in wellbeing and convenience.This centers shrewd car’s showcasing methodology, and will lead them to continue improving innovation that will keep on keeping the objective market intrigued, for example, iPod and blue tooth ability in the vehicles. They will likewise keep on guaranteeing that their rivals don't prevail with regards to making littler or more eco-friendly vehicles than theirs. 4. Expecting the objective market that you chose, make a perceptual guide for Smart Car and its essential rivals. Examine any current chances, and Smart Car’s capacity/powerlessness to address those issues. [pic]SMART CAR HAS THE ABILITY TO REACH A NICHE MARKET THAT HASN’T BEEN EXHAUSTED. THE U. S. MARKET HAS NOT BEEN OVERLY FRIENDLY TO ULTRA-EFFICIENT VEHICLES IN RECENT YEARS, BUT THAT HAS BEEN SLOWLY CHANGING AS GAS PRICES HAVE INCREASED. In view of THE INCREASE AMERICAN DRIVERS ARE READY FOR SMALL, EFFICIENT AND DISTINCTIVE CARS. Past SUBCOMPACTS HAVE CARRIED FUEL ECONOMY OVER INTO DESIGN ECONOMY, RESULTING IN DRAB, GENERIC CARS. THIS CUSTOMIZABLE CAR IS A SMALL, TWO-PERSON VEHICLE THAT WILL APPEAL TO A YOUNGER AUDIENCE WHOSE CONCERNS ARE GEARED AROUND LESS INCOME.INDIVIDUALS WHO WOULD LIKE TO SAVE ON TIME, FUEL AND MAINTENANCE WILL BENEFIT FROM THIS VEHICLE. By and large, THE FORTWO IS PROBABLY THE MOST FUEL-EFFICIENT FOUR-WHEELED VEHICLE WITH A CONVENTIONAL GASOLINE ENGINE ON THE MARKET. In any case, IT CAN'T CURRENTLY COMPARE TO THE MPG NUMBERS OF A HYBRID, AND IT IS MORE EXPENSIVE THAN JUST ABOUT ANY OTHER SUBCOMPACT AVAILABLE TODAY, BUT IT HAS A DISTINCTIVE, ATTENTION-GRABBING DESIGN AND IS CERTAINLY EASIER TO PARK THAN ANYTHING EXCEPT A MOTORCYCLE. 5. AT PRESENT, THE US MARKET FOR SMART CAR IS RELATIVELY SMALL, BUT GROWING.WHAT MARKETING MIX RECOMMENDATIONS COULD BE USED TO SIGNIFICANTLY EXPAND THIS MARKET? Remember THE CURRENT ECONOMIC CLIMATE AND MINDSET WHEN PROVIDING YOUR RECOMMENDATIONS. Item: SMART CAR COULD ENHANCE THE FEATU RES BY ADDING BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY AND GPS TRACKING. THE ENHANCEMENTS TO THE PRODUCT WOULD GENERALLY BE IN THE FIELD OF INNOVATION; TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENTS. Remember FORWARD THINKING AS IT HAS TODAY; ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND ENERGY EFFICIENT MODELING. Cost: DUE TO THE ECONOMIC CLIMATE SMART CAR SHOULD KEEP THEIR CAR MODERATELY PRICED AS IT IS NOW STARTING AT $11,990.THE PRICING STRATEGY IS BEST ADDRESSED THAT IT SUITS THE NEEDS OF ITS TARGET MARKET AND ALSO COST EFFECTIVENESS. Advancement: PRE-PUBLICITY SUCH AS TEST DRIVES AND MOTORING REVIEWS AS A PROMOTION ACTIVITY, GENERATES SUFFICIENT CONSUMER CURIOSITY IN THE PURCHASE OF SMART CARS. Through THIS MEANS, OTHER INDIVIDUALS-SUCH AS JOURNALISTS, ARE GIVEN OPPORTUNITY TO ASSESS THE MERITS OF SMART CAR PRODUCT BEFORE BUYING THE SMART CAR OF AMERICA. Examining OF SMART CARS IN STREETS AND ALSO USING IT FOR CAMPAIGNS IS A GOOD ABILITY TO CAPTURE BUYERS.ADVERTISING THE AFFORDABILITY AND THE FUEL COST SAVINGS WOULD FIT INTO THE CURRENT ECO NOMIC CLIMATE. Show MODELS IN AIRPORTS, MALLS OR OTHER HIGH TRAFFIC AREAS. Structure ALLIANCES WITH COMPANIES LIKE HERTZ, BUDGET OR ENTERPRISE TO GIVE PEOPLE THE OPPORTUNITY TO DRIVE THE CAR AND EXPERIENCE THE DIFFERENCE WHICH MAY INFLUENCE CONSUMERS TO BUY FOR EVER DAY USE. Spot: THE PRODUCT IS BEEN DISPLAYED IN PLACES WERE CUSTOMERS LIVE AND WORK. OPEN MORE DEALERSHIPS AROUND THE CITY IN THE MODERATE INCOME NEIGHBORHOODS. â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€ [pic]

On Supplemental Materials

On Supplemental Materials Im often asked about supplemental material. None of the below is required or even expected. In general, you should not send supplemental material unless the application did not sufficiently show who you are. I hope this is helpful and answers lots of questions Music. If you play music and would like to be a part of the music community at MIT, you may send in a CD/DVD or score (or mp3/pdf email attachment) containing 2 recent, unedited, contrasting samples of your best work for evaluation by the music faculty. Your musical talents are something unique that you bring to this process and your talents can be considered with your other talents in your application. Send this via US Mail to MIT, Room 4-243, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139; or electronically to [emailprotected] Be sure your full name and date of birth are included, and please write undergraduate application materials on the envelope. You do not need to be a music major for this to be considered (most people who submit the supplement are not), and students do not need to audition to take music classes or be a music major. Art. If you are an artist and would like to participate in the arts community at MIT, you may send in a portfolio containing any art, photography, or architectural work for evaluation by the architecture faculty. The faculty requests that you submit only hard copy materials in a binder, and not electronic submissions. Slides will be evaluated by members of the MIT art architecture faculty. Your artistic talents are something unique that you bring to this process and your talents can be considered with your other talents in your application. Send this via US Mail to Professor Jan Wampler, Director Of Design Undergraduate Program, MIT Department of Architecture, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139. Be sure your full name and date of birth are included, and please write undergraduate application materials on the envelope. You do not need to be an art or media major for this to be considered (most people who submit the supplement are not), and there is no portfolio review to take art cl asses or be a part of the art program. Athletics. If you are an athlete and would like to participate in one of MITs 41 varsity sports teams, please be directly in touch with the coach of your sport, and/or fill out this form. Your talents will be evaluated by MITs coaches. Your athletic talents are something unique that you bring to this process and your talents can be considered with your other talents in your application. You do not need to be recruited to join an MIT sport. Extra recommendations. If you feel an extra recommendation would show an important additional side of you not already covered, you may send in an additional letter of recommendation. This in general would not need to be on an MIT recommendation form from the application; a separate sheet of paper is most common. In general, third recommendations from a teachers do not provide much additional insight; the most helpful supplemental recommendations come from people who know you well outside the classroom. Some helpful extra recommendations Ive seen have come from research mentors, youth group leaders, coaches, and bosses. If you decide a third recommendation is necessary, have your recommender send this via US Mail to MIT Admissions, and be sure your full name and date of birth are included. Research papers. I think research papers are best talked about in the completely optional essay (about something that you have created) or in an extra recommendation from your research mentor. It is unlikely that if you submit a complete research paper that we will be able to have it properly evaluated during our process. Well be most interested in your research experience: how you got interested in the field, how you acquired your research opportunity, your results, what you learned, how this experience influences your future plans, etc. Resumes / brag sheets. We will use your application Part II as the resume of record. Sometimes, an addendum that explains your activities/accomplishments can be useful, particularly if it is an usual pursuit or it requires further explanation than what you can fit in the formal application. However, long lists of activities and awards are most often not useful. These extra sheets are most useful in providing depth, not breadth. Anything else. As #14 on the application part 2 says, we know that no admission application can meet the needs of every individual. If you think that additional information or material will give us a more thorough impressions of you, feel free to provide that information or material. Most applications I read do not include any of these extra materials; they are neither required nor expected. In some cases, one or two of these extras can help you in providing us with greater insight into who you are. Also, please note that we do not lower the bar for musicians, artists, or athletes; while these are talents that some students bring to the admissions process, all students must be independently qualified to be admitted to MIT. I hope this answers many of your questions!

Should Marijuana Be Legal - 1031 Words

From Past to Present: Marijuana and Medicine My life experience has opened my mind to the idea of legalizing marijuana for medical needs. Knowing that people with cancer, MS (Multiple Sclerosis), PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), bipolar and many other medical conditions can be treated with cannabis, personally I do not understand how the Food and Drug Administration can withhold the use of cannabis to treat medical conditions. Keeping it a schedule I drug states that there is no current medical use for it, and that is obviously mistaken. Marijuana does not have any characteristics as Heroin or LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide), therefore, it should not be in the same class. Watching my sister-in-law battle cancer was one of my hardest†¦show more content†¦2015). According to research, the history of medical marijuana dates to 2900BC, when a Chinese Emperor Fu His, who was credited with bringing civilization to China, appears to reference cannabis as a popular medicine that possessed both yin and yang. Throughout history, there are recordings of marijuana being used for healing purposes. In 1500BC, China added marijuana to its pharmacopeia due to cannabis healing properties. Some say that when Jesus anointed believers he used cannabis oil. There are records of cannabis being used to repress sexual longing. During 1799 when Napoleon invaded Egypt, he took a scientific expedition team, and they returned to France with cannabis. The cannabis was investigated for relieving pain as well as a sedative. During 1850, marijuana was added to the US Pharmacopeia and then removed in 1942. Marijuana was classified as a schedule I drug in 1970 which classified it as having no accepted medical use (ProCon 2017). The toxicity of marijuana is caused by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and was first identified in 1964. The short-term effects of marijuana that THC activates receptors in the brain would normally respond to natural THC-like chemicals. When marijuana is used, a part of the brain with the highest number of receptors are activated, which causes the high most people enjoy. The short-termShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legal?1609 Words   |  7 PagesMs. Fingarson English 11 March 9th, 2017 Junior Research Paper: Marijuana Should Be Legal. According to world recognized American Scientist Carl Sagan â€Å"the illegality of cannabis is outrageous, an impediment to full utilization of a drug which helps produce the serenity and insights , sensitivity and fellowship so desperately needed in this increasingly mad and dangerous world†. These are just some of the benefits of Marijuana along with many others. All you have been taught about cannabis inRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1060 Words   |  5 PagesMedical Marijuana Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United Sstates (Wagner).. Marijuana is commonly used becauseThis it is because marijuana is easy to get and doesn’t have the visibly dangerous effects that other drugs like cocaine and heroine have. However,But does that mean marijuana is harmless to the human body? There are some people and studies that believe it is harmlessso. Sanjay Gupta, MD, Chief Medical Correspondent for CNN, wrote the following: â€Å"Frequent marijuana useRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?986 Words   |  4 Pages smoking pot in California, is legal. On Tuesday, November 8, 2016, California became the fifth state to legalize the recreational use of pot. By a margin of about 56% to 44%, voters passed Proposition 64. With its passing, California is now among states like Colorado, Washington, Oregon and Alaska who have also legalized marijuana. â€Å"Marijuana could become quite the cash crop† said Richard McGowan, a professor at Boston College and expert in the field of marijuana legalization. While many peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1230 Words   |  5 PagesCannabis Can The marijuana movement is more prevalent now than ever. Just recently, two other states have joined Colorado and Washington in the legalization of the recreational use of marijuana. On the other hand, the state of Florida did not pass the bill to approve medical marijuana. Although more and more states have begun to see the benefits in legalizing marijuana, many states maintain the view that smoking marijuana is criminal despite the many advantages it poses. Marijuana offers medical andRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?997 Words   |  4 Pagesof the topics; write a thesis statement and complete the introduction 1. Marijuana should be legal, because it is harmless, and it is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases. - Marijuana should be legal due to its variety of health benefits - Marijuana is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases - Marijuana legalization would help boost the economy Thesis Statement: Why shouldn’t marijuana be legal due to its variety of health benefits, its effectiveness for combating manyRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?864 Words   |  4 PagesCannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or medicine. Marijuana smoking remains the most prevalent form of illicit drug use in the United States and has even been legalized medicinally in twenty-four states. Four of these states, including Colorado and Washington, have legalized marijuana for recreational use. This means that it is treated like a controlled substance, like alcohol or tobacco, and anyone theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1630 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana has been a hot topic of conversation over the last few years, as some states in America have legalized it medically and recreationally. By discussing the legal aspect of marijuana, the economic benefits, medical usage and how marij uana affects the family, we can see the positive and negative impact that marijuana has on sociology. Except for a few select states, marijuana usage, sale and distribution of marijuana is in some manner illegal. As a result, there is immense legal considerationsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1610 Words   |  7 PagesSince the very first day marijuana began dominating our country over 30 years ago, federal control of the drug has been the topic of an continuing arguments. Marijuana is a crushed up blend of dried out herbs, seeds and stems of the plant cannabis. Most people inhale it in the shape of cigarettes for pleasure and relief. Should marijuana be made legal? Advocates of the drug argue that there are multiple medical advantages and that tobacco and alcohol are far more harmful for us than the drug itselfRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is safer than tobacco and alcohol, more beneficial and healthier too. Marijuana, unlike tobacco and alcohol, never causes serious illnesses like cancers of the lungs, throat, and mouth, cirrhos is, dementia, or anything else. In actuality, medical marijuana is used to treat cancer cells. â€Å"The earliest use of cannabis as a medicine is attributed to the legendary Chinese Emperor Shen Nung, who is thought to have lived around 2700 BC.. Cannabis sativa is thought to have been grown for at leastRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesShould Marijuana Be Legal? In order to start a discussion about whether marijuana should be legal, we must first begin with the history of marijuana. How long has marijuana been around? The earliest recorded use of marijuana is from the island of Taiwan off the coast of mainland china over 10,000 years ago in the Stone Age (Marijuana, 2014). They wove their clothes and made their shoes from hemp. The first paper was made from a combination of crushed hemp fibers and mulberry tree bark. This

Understanding Essay Topics on the American Dream

Understanding Essay Topics on the American Dream What You Should Do About Essay Topics on the American Dream Beginning in the Next 9 Minutes The very first bird is that you own an opportunity to write about the things that you are more interested in and which you are more acquainted with. The only means to live the American dream is by way of hard work. The American dream can readily be accomplished if you require money so long as you're prepared to work for it. It is different for everyone, but they share some of the same aspects of it. The American dream something that everybody aspires for, even supposing it is not easy to accomplish. Among the perks of being a hardworking person is that people are able to count on you and when folks know they can trust you, it makes you wish to work even harder. If however, you believe that the job is a little too much for, there is not any shame in contacting the professionals. All that should be done is to implement free and reasonable laws that will offer everyone with a chance to pursue the dream. What You Need to Do About Essay Topics on the American Dream Starting in the Next Nine Minutes It is very important to stay focused on your topic. Your topic needs to be wide enough to connect several relevant sources of information concerning the American dream, but not so wide that it may embrace sources that don't have anything in common. If good topic has been found, it's right time to consider essay structure. Locating an excellent topic is the secret to success for yo ur paper. Picking an excellent topic for the American dream essay is among the best strategies to use, but you have to research it carefully. The answer is truly quite easy. The subject of the American Dream isn't an exception. Let's see how you should act to select the most fascinating and appealing topic for this kind of intriguing research paper. Education too many people is the American dream since it may give you a job and it might offer you Knowledge. Therefore, the country's education was made the gatekeeper of having any sort of opportunity. In spite of the fact that college is largely pricey and resorting to student loans may be the sole way, most folks think that it's well worth it, seeing since they can find a better Job once they're out of college. It doesn't even have to be a main source of education, there are so many careers out there that anyone can further their education in, for example animation, many great animators in the past were either swapper cartoonist or Just taught themselves. Generally, the American dream can be described as a cultural part of the American society that functions as a unifying element for the Americans. Considering all the above happenings, it can still be achieved through the norms that have been isolated. It has always been an important part of the culture and society in America. It can also be achieved through other means apart from attaining education. Sadly, for some it no more than the chance to grasp what's absolutely free, without the intentions of earlier individuals who wanted to turn into independent Americans. What people don't understand is that the country was constructed through hard struggles and sacrifices to accomplish the success. Therefore, they can contribute to the society as well as developing themselves. On the contrary, it's because he couldn't count on the income which he thought was steady. If you work hard and have sufficient perseverance, you could be fortunate enough to attain the success that you seek. Write an essay describing one group of people who the American dream really does not ring true for in your viewpoint. Attaining American dream takes a career which is to be achieved amidst struggle. The American dream you select will be stated in your very first paragraphthe introductory paragraph. The One Thing to Do for Essay Topics on the American Dream The presence of the expression americanis m reflects the distinctive attitude to the job of the United States of America in the world. As stated in the past paragraph you are able to attain a good quantity of money from any work here in The United States which will be able to help you out an excellent deal in a quest for the American Dream. It's easy here in America to boost your standard of living with time and energy. It's possible here in the United States to find anything you would like as long as you have sufficient money for it. Essay Topics on the American Dream The maturation of a state is dependent upon the essence of its economics. There are a lot of ways to organize your ideas. To what conclusion you run in the end is an issue of your very own political viewsthere is no correct or wrong here. The organization has become the most significant part a synthesis, so try out more than 1 format.

The Effects of Thc, Spice, and Opiates on the Human Body Free Essays

Ben Vu The effects of THC, Spice, and Opiates on the human body In the modern generation, many kids have experimented with all sorts of drugs. They are looking for a euphoric feeling that nothing else gives them. Some of these drugs have been used for medical reasons and recreational use since the beginning of man. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Thc, Spice, and Opiates on the Human Body or any similar topic only for you Order Now Humans naturally are curious and try many different things to give them the high they are looking for. The most common of these drugs are marijuana, spice, and opiates. Cannabis, also known as marijuana, has over hundreds of different chemicals that affect the human body. Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol or THC is the main chemical that gives the user the euphoric high they are looking for. Along with the euphoric feeling, the user also receives relaxation. Marijuana can be used in many different ways such as smoking it in a joint or cooking it in to food or sweets. The most common way of getting high is by smoking it. This can either be achieved by rolling a simple joint or blunt to smoking it out of a bong or a vaporizer. Marijuana has been so common for many generations that the brain has adapted to have cannabinoid receptors. When ingested, the THC flows from the lung into the bloodstream. Once in the bloodstream it goes to the brain attaching to the cannabinoid receptors. The most common receptor, CB1, is mainly found in the part of the brain that associates with movement and memory. This explains why marijuana affects the users balance and coordination. While THC is in the brain, it makes the user have short-term memory lost; this is why it is used to treat nausea, pain, and lost in appetite. Other effects on the user’s body include laughter, altered perception of time, increased appetite and heart rate, paranoia and panic attacks. When marijuana is ingested or inhaled the effects appear as soon as the chemicals enter the brain and may last from one hour up to two hours. If it is ingested in food the short-term effects such as short-term memory lost and coordination begin more slowly usually taking up to half an hour to an hour to kick it. The benefits of ingesting it would be that the effects of marijuana would last longer, up to four hours. When smoking marijuana more of the chemicals are being deposited in the bloodstream. It only takes a few minutes after smoking that the user’s heart rate begins to beat more rapidly resulting in the blood vessel to expand resulting in bloodshot eyes. As the THC enters the brain, it causes the brain to release a chemical called dopamine, which in turns gives the user the high feeling. When high the user may experience pleasant sensations, colors and sounds may seem more intense, time appears to pass by a lot more slowly. The user’s mouth begins to feel dry this is known as cottonmouth causing the user to become suddenly very hungry or thirsty. After the euphoric high goes away the user begins to feel drowsy. There are two different strains of marijuana, indica and sativa. Indica strains have more cannabinoids than THC. This affects the user in more of a physical high resulting in an influx of appetite, laughter and a couch lock feeling. This is when the user gets the stoned effect where they do not want to move around. Indica is the most common strain of marijuana that is smoked by the average person. As a result of the higher CBDs indica strains are helpful to those who need sleeping aid and people wit insomnia. Whereas sativa which has a lot more of the chemical THC which gives the user more of a head high than a body high. This strain is prescribed to patients who have anxiety and depression. It gives the user more of a jubilant feeling without the feeling of being couch locked. The smoke of marijuana contains of a toxic mixture of gases and other particulates that are harmful to the lungs. The lungs of someone who smokes marijuana on a daily basis resembles those of a tobacco smoker. Marijuana has the potential to promote lung cancer because of the carcinogens in the smoke. Nowadays most companies, businesses, and schools drug test for THC. This has caused people to move on to another drug even more dangerous and marijuana, spice. Spice is synthetic marijuana, made to give the user the same high as marijuana. Most people are not aware of what is actually in the spice and just smoke it because they cannot smoke marijuana. The most dangerous thing about spice is the fact that it is not regulated; anybody can make spice in his or her own privacy. Spraying chemicals such as JWH-018 on herbs and plants makes spice. When the government decides to make the chemical illegal producers tweak the chemical just a bit to create a whole knew molecule. Spice affects each user different; one smoker may a certain way and the other another way. Spice is a rarely new drug and scientist are still not certainly sure about how it affects the human body. A few minutes after smoking spice the user have side effects such as nausea/vomiting, severe paranoia, involuntary movements, hallucinations, and prolonged headaches lasting up to days after use. Some cases have shown that teenagers under the influence of spice are unable to speak or move; they are conscious but respond to normal situations in a weird way. User who smoke spice on a daily basis have a high risk of becoming addicted an addiction, which is similar to those of meth, cocaine, and opiates. The effects of spice usually wear off in about thirty minutes to an hour and this causing the user to want to keep smoking more and more. Scientists do not know the long-term effects of smoking spice; this makes it more dangerous because teens are smoking something that has the potential to harm their bodies. Opiates have been used as a pain reliever for over hundreds of generations. Opiates are the common name for any narcotic that was derived from opium. Painkillers such as morphine, codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone are all obtained from opium. Opiates the most additive an abusive substances in the world today. Opiates obtain their powerful effects by attaching themselves in opiate receptors in the brain and body. The effects of opiates include extreme relaxation, euphoria, fatigue, confusion, decreased feeling of pain, and decreased sexual drive. While on opiates they cause the pupil of the eyes to dilate. Other effects include nausea and vomiting if too much of the opiate is taken. Opiates attach themselves to the neurotransmitters in the brain, which control body movement, moods, digestion, body temperature and breathing. They cause to the neurotransmitter to work at a very high rate. The short-term effects can show soon after a dose and lasting up to a few hours. Regular use of opiates leads to a higher tolerance, meaning the user needs more of the opiate to achieve the same effect as before. After a time of increasing tolerance the body becomes addicted to the drug, developing dependent on the opiate to function properly. Death from an opiate overdose usually occur when a user who has been off of opiates for some time again starts to take the same amount of the opiate as they are used to and because the user’s tolerance has gone done the result is an overdose. After repeated use of opiates, long-term effects soon appear. Most addicts who have been using for a long time seem to just ignore their health because they are only concerned about obtaining the opiate. Longtime users may develop collapsed veins, infection in their heart and valves, and liver disease. Due to the fact that opiates decrease reparation rate, pneumonia may occur in longtime users due to respiratory depression and the poor health of the user. When trying to stop the use of opiates, the withdrawal is very dangerous and painful. Withdrawl symptoms can occur as soon as a few hours after the last does. Symptoms include intense craving for the opiate, restlessness, body pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, and cold flashes. How to cite The Effects of Thc, Spice, and Opiates on the Human Body, Papers

Research Process and Terminology free essay sample

Research Process and Terminology Laytoya Wilson CJA/334 26 June 2011 University of Phoenix Research involves the study of something to discover facts and maybe even apply the findings in order to change something. There are two types of research, there is basic or pure research and then there is applied research, in which you really don’t need both in order to complete a study but in most cases is a good idea. Researchers have their own language, like doctors and police officers, researchers use researchese in order to understand the terminology used by scientist so that they are able to properly conduct research. The question is how will acknowledging and understanding these terms in a research study help analyze the data collected? The research process involves steps that must be taken in order to get an accurate collection of factual information. As defined at (dictionary. com, 2011), â€Å"research is diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation into a subject in order to discover or revise facts, theories, application, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Process and Terminology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first step in the research process is the problem formulation in which the overlook of what is being investigated or studied. For example, if a large prison was conducting a study that involved male inmates with a high risk factor of returning to prison for the same crime like armed robbery and car theft. The first step is the most important because it gives the researcher purpose for the study as well as a guide to what is needed. The next step is the design of research to be done. The research design according to (Hagan,2010), is the type of experimental or non-experimental approach, studies of a group (or groups) at one time or over a period of time, and use of control groups, (p. 19). Then there is the collection of data, this is the third step in the research process. The method of which data is collected could be by observing a particular person, place, or thing as well as the reanalysis of any past data, questionnaires that may come in the U. S. post or by person to person interviews. For example, neighborhoods watch that is conducted by a local police department, gathering information from the citizens within the community by mailing out infamous questionnaires with paid return postage, to gain a vast amount of information in order to apply what is needed in the neighborhood to bring down break-ins within a certain area. The step in the research process is the analyzing and presentation of the finding or summarizing, reporting, and statistically analyzing where appropriate and presenting findings, (Hagan, 2010, p. 19). Then there is the conclusions, this just the end of the research process with what the researcher thinks is the basis of the research is as well as what is said by conducting this research and gathering the facts. In following these five steps the process of research the outcome could be basic in which it is just for informative facts or whether it is a basis of change behind the study. Why is the terminology used by researchers important for them to know and understand? Terminology used by researchers is a language of their own for them to understand in the field of work just like police jargon and medical terminology used by doctors. For example, the use of the words replication and verification, too many replications can mean the copy of something and verification means the confirmation of facts. Whereas in a criminal justice scientific research project or the study of something to gain knowledge; the word replication means â€Å"the repetition of experiments or studies utilizing the methodology† (Hagan, 2010, p. 6). What is methodology? I would say maybe the way that factual information is accurate or just the â€Å"what is† and the why. These terms prove helpful in a career of criminal justice research as they apply to real life concepts and situations. They can also prove incompetence to those who may not grasp the full knowledge and understanding of the research language. In knowing what the terms mean in a research study can be a huge asset in evaluating and analyzing research studies or data. For example in using the term basic research and applied research, without knowing the difference between the two one may become confused in the research and what is needed from it. With basic or pure research, the gain of facts is the basis of the study, whereas with applied research the fact findings are applied in order for a change to occur like in a drug ridden neighborhood. For instance, two police departments in the inner city conduct a study on neighborhoods with high drug trafficking rates and apply the facts of the study like what area is the most affect and can be done according to the study in order to reduce the problem. In conclusion the discussion of how to conduct an accurate and sufficient research process as well as the steps to take. I also spoke of research terminology as it will apply to a career in criminal justice. The knowledge of knowing the proper terminology, and how it affects criminal justice research, as well as how it is an asset in evaluating, and analyzing research studies or data. Many of the terms used are also used in day to day conversations and may have a different meaning to researchers as it would to say a person in the medical field or the financial field. All in all this is a small sample of what the process of research takes and the outcome of the facts gathered by the researchers. References EBOOK COLLECTION:  Hagan, F. E. (2010). Research methods in criminal justice and criminology (8th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Retrieved from http://dictionary. reference. com/browser/research. dictionary. com. June 26, 2011.

Terrorism and Countries Essays

Terrorism and Countries Essays Terrorism and Countries Essay Terrorism and Countries Essay Today my topic Is going to be on Terrorism? Terrorism is defined as political violence In an asymmetrical conflict that Is designed to Induce terror and psychic fear through the violent visualization and destruction of noncombatant targets. With terrorism comes; violence, war, discrimination, and safety of international security. Today the country is alert of all types of situations involving terrorism. The world needs to know that stepping out of their front door isnt going to be their last day without a bomb mysteriously landing in their front or backyard. International security Is necessary because we as a whole should be secure of traveling across the world without a terrorist scare. Violence Is a key factor In terrorism because once a target Is set, the intent is to harm severely. We have the right to protect our land. Children are being raised under their parents roof so violence Is necessary if terrorism every reached our soil. We discriminate a lot because of terrorism. Once a certain nationality induces terrorism, the world remembers them. For instance, Arabians are seriously criticized because of the 911 attack. The country Is sort of afraid of these guys because thieve not to be trusted, Were often stereotypical of this nationality, man and woman because the whole world knows exactly what theyre capable of. War Is a big concern in terrorism especially for the united States because our government is very strict of our land. Our government issues war because they arent afraid to let the citizens or other countries know that were not afraid of combat and will protect our land. Terrorism should result to war, especially if its on the United States soil. International security Is a must have because if not, cowardly acts will always be committed. The U. S shouldnt have to stress ourselves over hijacked planes, or marathon bombing. Specific Issues Next, are issues pertaining to this topic are to be taken very seriously. You have political terrorism, limited political terrorism, official or state terrorism, and a civil disorder. Political terrorism is basically criminal behavior, which enforces fear on communities for political purposes. Limited political terrorism is more detrimental Han Just political terrorism because the targets are exact and the threat is fiercer. The alma Is to strictly takeover a state when this type of Issue occurs. Official or state terrorism is beyond concern because, the government issues the attacks. This act of terrorism is mainly used by a foreign country other than the united States. The government Is very power and when this issue occurs, every country gets looked at and all of them become skeptical of the acts. Civil disorder is very different. This is really a scare tactic to me. Most reason a civil disorder occurs is because, an ally may not agree on the terms of a peace treaty. Their objective is to bring fear to security and basically let their enemy know that theyre not safe and something has to be done for us to agree. Most countries believe this act of terrorism is more potent because everyone reacts to it differently. Everyone questions this type of terrorism. This is an issue that makes the world uneasy. Single issue terrorism is committed act that enforces peace. Some countries are certain that they can invade anothers land ND theyll give in and call a truce. Ender any condition should this be a result. This Is and destruction on the opposed enemies. Most wars are bought into effect because the above issues occur. When these things happen most countries respond out of anger and fear. They look at these issues as a serious threat towards their well-being. 5 ways to deal with the issue Dealing with terrorism isnt easy. Coming up with five ways to deal with terrorism isnt easier. Five common ways that I feel like will resolve or help terrorism are immunization, revenue, violence, religion, and negotiation. Often communicating with the enemy helps because theyll realize that youre concerned, and sincere about the issue. When it comes to terrorism sometimes a simple talk can help the problem. Revenue is mostly a number one resolution to terrorism. I believe money will solve this issue because, the united states are in debt with a few countries and most issues occur because of revenue. Revenue isnt always likely to help but, its a start. We as a people are mainly provoked and harassed because of revenue problems. Violence is another way to deal with terrorism because, most enemies only respect violence. Sometimes you have to show the other side that threats arent taking too well, and a defense mechanism should always be active. Im not saying invade their country but if thats the result to respect than thats a beautiful initiation. Imposing proper religion also helps because nowadays most countries dont like the way we embrace their religion. We treat their standards and beliefs different from theirs and thats a lack of respect to them and sometimes terrorism can be their response. Lastly negotiation is the proper step in resolving this issue. Negotiation is very powerful because ones intent can quickly be monitored and reversed. Terrorism should be taken seriously because at round tables these issues are addressed and if not negotiated right, an under the table decision may be made and before you know it youll have enemies from all over. Every negotiator thinks and plots ahead of time so this is a tactic that should be taken advantage of especially when there are lives on the line. Conclusion My conclusion to this is simple. Whether or not youre dealing with political, limited political, official, or civil disorder terrorism isnt right. No one in the right state of mind should think of an act of destruction as an option to resolve a problem. Youre putting millions of lives at Jeopardy and most countries are undecided about decisions when it comes to terrorism. A grudge will always be held, and for years on down the line a peace treaty still wouldnt be able to ease the pain that was caused on that particular target. Being more respectful and considerate of other countries is start. Every country isnt going to like each other, every country isnt going to agree on things but, every country should keep in mind that there are innocent people that shouldnt be involved in the nonsense. No one should ever be afraid of a low flying plane or getting hijacked on a plane. No one should ever feel uncomfortable competing in a marathon race and fearing a bomb blowing up. These incidents should be kept at a minimum and being that the United States isnt strict on underestimates the other countries, actions such as these occur. I do believe in lenience but once again, violence should only be enforced to a certain extent. Terrorism is one of those extents. Families have to be protected and the government has to be able to run an organized establishment to ensure that whatever country once one mind is made up, thats it. As a people we should encourage ourselves to be more comprehensive of solutions. We all know terrorism isnt right so when is it going to stop? It starts with the government and them analyzing the options after and before terrorism. More importantly though, never underestimate or provoke the enemy.

Qué es la expulsión inmediata o deportación rápida

Quà © es la expulsià ³n inmediata o deportacià ³n rpida La expulsià ³n inmediata, tambià ©n conocida como deportacià ³n exprà ©s o fast-track permite a las autoridades migratorias expulsar a un migrante de EE.UU. sin que se presente ante un juez y defienda su caso en corte. Con fecha del 22 de julio de 2019, el gobierno de EE.UU. ha autorizado a ICE a deportar siguiendo este mà ©todo a cualquier indocumentado que se encuentre en cualquier punto de Estados Unidos que no pueda demostrar que lleva ms de 2 aà ±os viviendo continuamente en el paà ­s. Esto es un cambio de lo que se venà ­a aplicando, ya que hasta este momento lo ms comà ºn era aplicar la expulsià ³n inmediata, conocida en inglà ©s como expedited removal, a los detenidos en la frontera o arrestados en los 15 dà ­as siguientes a su ingreso y en 100 millas de distancia de la frontera. Causas de  expulsià ³n inmediata o expedited removal Las situaciones en las que se puede ordenar una expulsià ³n inmediata son dos: El extranjero no tiene la documentacià ³n adecuada.  El extranjero ha tergiversado, falseado o presentado informacià ³n falsa para lograr o intentar conseguir un documento, la entrada en EEUU, u otro beneficio bajo las leyes de Inmigracià ³n. En este punto entran situaciones muy distintas, como hacerse pasar por otra persona, se tiene intencià ³n de emigrar a Estados Unidos y se obtuvo una visa de turista diciendo que sà ³lo se querà ­a pasear, etc. Si esta es la causa, las consecuencias pueden ser muy serias. Desde el punto de vista tà ©cnico, son las inadmisibilidades 212(a)(6)(c) -por informacià ³n tergiversada o falsa o lo que se conoce en inglà ©s como material misrepresentation  y la 212 (a)(7).   La expulsià ³n inmediata y dà ³nde se aplica Originalmente, la expulsià ³n inmediata sà ³lo se aplicaba en la frontera. A partir de 2004 se aplicà ³ a aquellas personas que se encuentren hasta 100 millas de cualquier frontera  y que no puedan demostrar que llevan ms de 14 dà ­as continuos en el paà ­s. A partir de estos momentos ICE tiene autorizacià ³n para deportar siguiendo este procedimiento rpido sin necesidad de pasar por Corte a todos los migrantes que no puedan demostrar dos aà ±os seguidos de presencia en EE.UU. La nueva polà ­tica aplica a lo largo y ancho del paà ­s. Aunque en principio los canadienses y los mexicanos no pueden ser expulsados inmediatamente, a menos que tengan un rà ©cord de violaciones migratorias o un historial criminal, en la prctica es muy frecuente que los mexicanos indocumentados detectados tras cruzar la frontera sean retornados  voluntariamente. Excepciones: quià ©nes no pueden ser expulsados inmediatamente en la frontera No pueden ser deportados mediante expulsià ³n inmediata; los menores  los residentes legales las personas que piden asilo y pasan una entrevista miedo de persecucià ³n creà ­ble Consecuencias de una deportacià ³n fast-track Una vez que se es expulsado, no podr regresar a EEUU por un periodo de cinco aà ±os. Adems, es posible que a ese castigo puede que se tenga que sumar el de la causa de  inadmisibilidad. Por ejemplo, si se intentà ³ ingresar con una visa falsa habr el castigo de la expulsià ³n y el de la falsedad. En casos especà ­ficos es posible pedir un perdà ³n, conocido como waiver. Pero tener en cuenta que en muchos casos tendrà ­an que pedirse dos: uno por la expulsià ³n  y otro por la causa de inadmisibilidad. En todo caso, consultar con un abogado ya que los perdones no son fciles de obtener. Otras situaciones que se pueden producir en una frontera de EEUU Ya que son frecuentes las expulsiones en la frontera a continuacià ³n se detallan otras situaciones que pueden darse en la misma: Se le dice al extranjero que se vaya. Esto sà ³lo sucede si se llega a pie o en auto. Son casos excepcionales y, en realidad, muy beneficiosos para la persona. Ejemplo, si se est casado con un ciudadano americano y se est en un proceso de ajuste de estatus  y se sale de EEUU y cuando se quiere regresar no se tiene en mano el advance parole porque se ha olvidado. En este caso la persona debe irse, buscar su documento y proceder a ingresar con toda la documentacià ³n en regla. Se da un parole. Es decir, se le deja entrar pero tiene que seguir una tramitacià ³n para poner al dà ­a la situacià ³n. Retirada de la aplicacià ³n Conocida como withdawal of application,  en inglà ©s). Aquà ­ el inspector de Inmigracià ³n autoriza al extranjero a retirar su peticià ³n de admisià ³n a los Estados Unidos. Se tendr que regresar a su paà ­s,  pero no hay expulsià ³n inmediata  (lo cual es una gran ventaja porque como se ha dicho la expulsià ³n acarrea un castigo de cinco aà ±os). En los casos de retirada de la aplicacià ³n se puede  solicitar una visa al consulado. Puede que no la apruebe, pero se sabr ms de la razà ³n y cul es el problema. (Puede ser algo tan simple como que no se puede probar satisfactoriamente que no hay intencià ³n de emigrar a Estados Unidos,trabajar sin los debidos papeles,  de tener lazos econà ³micos y familiares suficientemente fuertes en el paà ­s de residencia,  etc).   Por lo tanto, si a una persona no le dejan ingresar a EEUU lo primero que debe hacer es saber si fue expulsada o si es un caso de retirada de la aplicacià ³n.  Para ello mirar el pasaporte o/y la copia de un documento que posiblemente se ha firmado. Caso especial del Programa de exencià ³n de visa  (Visa Waiver Program, en inglà ©s) Los ciudadanos de paà ­ses en ese programa, entre los que se encuentran chilenos y espaà ±oles, pueden entrar como turistas o en visita de negocios en EEUU por un mximo de 90 dà ­as sin necesidad de pedir una visa. Si no salen del paà ­s al transcurrir los tres meses habrn violado su estatus migratorio y podrà ­an  ser deportados sin audiencia judicial y sin derecho a apelacià ³n. En otras palabras, pueden ser objeto de una expulsià ³n inmediata. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Responding to the Learner in a Differentiated Lesson Assignment

Responding to the Learner in a Differentiated Lesson - Assignment Example ?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10. A mineral has the following characteristics: it is black in color and has a luster that is non metallic. According to the reference sheet provided, which mineral is this? (Note: A reference sheet must be provided that gives the characteristics of all the

Fraud in the AIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fraud in the AIS - Essay Example The risks and threats are clearly seen in the case of WorldCom (Beltran, 2002). WorldCom was a telecommunication company founded in the year 1983. The company became so successful to the point where its stock price went up the peak, making the CEO, Bernard Ebbers, one of the richest men in the United States. The company continued with its expansion strategies by acquiring more companies. It was seen as one of the success stories in the business world in the 1990s (Fernando, 2009). In the year 2002, the company announced that it had used an improper accounting method that resulted to an overstatement in earnings in 2001and during the first quarter of the year 2002 by more than $3.8 billion. As a result, in 2002 the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, which was the largest filing in the history of the United States. It has $41 billion debt load and $107 billion in assets, making the bankruptcy even larger than that of Enron Corporation. The company had to lay off about a fifth of its employees in an effort to stay in business. Investigations showed that the accounting maneuver was exposed by the internal auditor in WorldCom. One of the main discoveries was on the company’s revenue expenditure that had been treated as capital expenditure. It resulted to an overstatement of the profits by $3.8 billion. As a result, the company’s external auditors, Arthur Andersen LLP released a statement stating that it acted according to the professional standards and that the internal audit could not be relied on in relations to the accounting manipulations. Arthur Anderson had acted in collusion with top management at WorldCom to falsify the company’s profits with the aim of increasing its stocks. The company’s audit committee, in turn, replaced Arthur Andersen LLP with KPMG to further investigate the matter.  

Prospects of Outsourcing Clinical Research Projects

Prospects of Outsourcing Clinical Research Projects A STUDY OF OUTSOURCING CLINICAL RESEARCH PROJECTS TO ASIAN COUNTRIES (INDIA): ITS GROWTH AND FUTURE PROSPECTS ABSTRACT Outsourcing is increasingly becoming a trend within the clinical research industry. The pharmaceutical and biotechnological spend on outsourcing was estimated to be $48 million in the year 2008 and is expected to increase to $48 million by 2010 [Bloch et al, 2006]. The concept of outsourcing for the development and global studies on new drugs has become widely accepted in the pharmaceutical industry due to its cost and uncertainty. India is going to be the most preferred location for contract pharma research and development due to its huge treatment naà ¯ve population, human resources, technical skills, adoption/amendment/implementation of rules/laws by regulatory authorities, and changing economic environment. But still ‘miles to go to fulfil the pre-requisites to ensure Indias success. In spite of all the pitfalls, the country is ambitious and optimist to attract multinational pharmaceutical companies to conduct their clinical trials in India. The research methodology is done mixing the quantitative and qualitative methods as explained by Creswell (Creswell, J. W., 2003). The questionnaires designed for collecting data had open-and-closed ended questions to obtain both quantitative and qualitative data for the analysis. An extensive literature review of existing trend of outsourcing clinical research project was carried out. Six interviews were conducted; two interviews to gain an understanding of the process and the activities outsourced by the pharmaceutical industry, benefits and risks involve in outsourcing, why Indian CRO are considered better to outsource the clinical research projects and four interviews to evaluate the strategies employed by the CRO in order to improve the relationship with key clients. The primary conclusion from this study is that outsourcing is a necessity within the clinical research industry. The study concluded that the many pharmaceuticals from UK are outsourcing their clinical research mainly to Asian countries for fast, cost effective and quality results. The study concluded that the relationship between the client and the CRO is the key element for the future of outsourcing clinical research projects. Chapter 1- Introduction and Background 1 INTRODUCTION â€Å"Outsourcing allows companies to reduce costs, benefits consumers with lower cost goods and services, and causes economic expansion that reduces unemployment, and increases productivity and job creation.† [Elder, 2009] According to the American heritage dictionary outsourcing is defined as the â€Å"procurement of services or products from an outside supplier or manufacturer in order to cut costs† [Amiti, 2004] This chapter aims to understand the rationale behind this project which is on understanding the process of outsourcing within the clinical research industry. The cost of drug development has been consistently on the rise, which has led to the pharmaceutical industry looking for new methods for conducting clinical research [Jayshree, 2005]. These companies have also been trying to develop strategies in order to identify and focus on their core competencies [McIvor, 2000]. This has now been achieved by the process of outsourcing. Contract research was initially limited to pre-clinical studies and clinical trial services; however it now covers a varied range of activities. [Jayshree, 2005] Outsourcing therefore has become a customary business strategy. [Editors, May 2005]. As time progresses a number of activities are outsourced to service providers such as Contract Research Organisations (CRO). It has been estimated that there are 1200 organisations which are involved in clinical research; these include pharmaceutical and biotechnological in-house clinical management, site management organisations (SMOs), academic and medical centres, private research sites and contract research organisations. These organisations aid in completion of the projects within the stipulated timelines and thereby increase the profit margins of the pharmaceutical companies. In the US, 60% of the clinical research activities were outsourced to CROs, in the year 2001. The CRO market has been growing rapidly ($1 billion in 1992 to $8 billion in 2002). This growth is evident not only in terms of revenue generation; but also in the number of patients being recruited in clinical trials (7 million in 1992 to 20 million in 2001). Therefore there is an increasing demand in the pharmaceutical industry for outsourcing activities to these service providers. [Jayshree, 2005] In order to meet the project requirements and timelines the pharmaceutical companies attempt to select the best service provider from several CROs. There is an intense competition between these organisations. I.1 illustrates the results of a survey conducted by Contract Pharma in 2005 wherein the respondents have graded the various characteristics they expect from a CRO in terms of very important and / or important. 1.2 RESEARCH TITLE A study of outsourcing clinical research project to Asian countries (India), its growth future prospects 1.3 RESEARCH BACKGROUND As time progresses a number of activities are outsourced to service providers such as Contract Research Organisations (CRO). It has been estimated that there are 1200 organisations which are involved in clinical research; these include pharmaceutical and biotechnological in-house clinical management, site management organisations (SMOs), academic and medical centres, private research sites and contract research organisations. These organisations aid in completion of the projects within the stipulated timelines and thereby increase the profit margins of the pharmaceutical companies. In the US, 60% of the clinical research activities were outsourced to CROs, in the year 2001. The CRO market has been growing rapidly ($1 billion in 1992 to $8 billion in 2002). This growth is evident not only in terms of revenue generation; but also in the number of patients being recruited in clinical trials (7 million in 1992 to 20 million in 2001). Therefore there is an increasing demand in the pharmaceutical industry for outsourcing activities to these service providers. [Jayshree, 2005] Clinical trials are designed to help us find out how to give a new treatment safely and effectively to people. With escalating pressure on research and development (RD) cost-containment across the global pharmaceutical industry, there is increased focus on reducing the cost of clinical development. The additional problem of delayed development is also affecting new drug introductions, losing incremental revenues. This dual challenge of accelerating clinical development and reducing costs has forced major pharma companies to look at alternative destinations for sourcing patients for their global studies. Exploration on these lines guides pharma industry to take interest in the countries like Latin America, Eastern Europe and Asia. Amongst Asian countries, India stands out prominently due to its huge treatment-naà ¯ve patients population, English speaking doctors and a large pharmaceutical presence that has dominated the world market due to cheap generics. As the multinational drug co mpanies in the United States and Western Europe look east to outsource research and clinical trial activities, countries such as India will gain proficiency and expertise, assisting its move from generic and speciality contract manufacturing to innovative drug discovery and development in its own right, setting the stage for increased global competition. [Unknown, website:http://www.cyfuture.com/history-ofoutsourcing.htm]. India has emerged as a strong base for clinical trials in recent times. Due to the multitude of benefits it offers, the country is fast growing as a centre of conducting clinical trials for many international companies. India, with its huge patient base, low cost advantage, completion of cilia trial on time, improving infrastructure, and with a strong government support is witnessing a double digit growth in its clinical trial market. All major pharmaceutical companies and Clinical Research Organisation (CROs) have already started conducting their clinical trials in India, and with improving infrastructure, industry friendly regulations and trained workforce, the growth is only likely to increase in future. 1.4 RATIONALE FOR CHOSEN TOPIC I decided to do my research on outsourcing because my personal interest and also clinical research outsourcing became the most important factor in the economic growth of many developing countries. I strongly believe that this paper provide some good literature along with some organizational evidences which will be beneficial to other pharmaceutical industry to outsource their clinical trials to India. Further as I have chosen my area as a clinical research outsourcing from European countries to many developing Asian countries along with the risk involvement in it so I will be collecting theories and information from pharmaceutical companies which will provide some evidence to the topic. In addition to the theories, I will be interviewing the mangers of pharmaceutical companies to find out their opinion and on that basis I will further review my topic. Also my personal interest in this topic is that I have worked in the clinical research industry for around 3.5 years. I know many of the processes and whole flow of the study completion. I have worked in CRO for top pharma companies like Pfizer and GlaxoSmithKline so I know all the insights of clinical research its importance, criticality and confidentiality. Also by working on this thesis I will get to know UK pharmaceutical market and how they carry out their clinical research. It will definitely help me in my job search as I want to work in clinical data management field in UK pharma or CRO. 1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS: They are a means to structure, focus and direct the dissertation and to reconcile the objectives with the primary research. (I need your inputs regarding how to reference this portion of work as I have taken it from your notes) Research is an organised and systematic way of finding answers to questions. Questions are central to research. If there is no question, then the answer is of no use. Research is focused on relevant, useful, and important questions. Without a question, research has no focus, drive, or purpose. Research questions:- 1) To understand the UK pharmaceutical/clinical research Industry. 2) To define the nature and characteristics of outsourcing 3) What is the importance of Clinical Research industry? 4) What is the relationship between pharmaceutical industry and CR industry? 5) Why outsource clinical research? 6) Why outsource clinical research mainly to Asian countries? 7) What are the effects of outsourcing clinical research on a pharmaceutical industry? 8) How to improve relationship between pharma and CRO in the process of outsourcing? 9) Which elements are most important for relationship between pharma and CRO both now and in future? 10) How to manage performance throughout the outsourcing process to improve its future? 1.6 RESEARCH AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Outsourcing is a fascinating field which now forms a core component of business within the clinical research industry. This chapter aims to understand the aims and objectives which are intend to be completed during the course of this project. 1.6.1 Aim: To understand the growth and future prospects in outsourcing of clinical research projects from UK Pharma to Clinical Research Organisation in Asian countries. This research was conducted in order to understand the process of outsourcing within the clinical research industry. This research is mainly based on pharmaceutical companies in UK and Europe who outsources their most of the clinical trial work to overseas companies mainly in Asian countries .The actual aim of this research is to find out why there is an increase in outsourcing of clinical trials to Asian countries and what are the future prospects for both pharma companies and CRO where the projects are getting outsourced. This research also talks about what benefits the companies have due to outsourcing its clinical trials to developing countries. 1.6.2 Objectives: The following are the objectives of the research 1. To understand the current scenario of outsourcing within the clinical research industry. 2. Analysis of UKs Pharmaceutical industries where companies are going for outsourcing 3. What are the various reasons behind outsourcing? 4. Analysis of Clinical Research Organisations in Asian countries were outsourced jobs get done. 5. Overlook on the procedure of outsourcing and the basis on which selection outsource company is being done. 6. To identify the risks and benefits involved in outsourcing from the perspective of a client and service provider. 7. To develop a questionnaire in order to establish the internal views of a leading Pharmaceutical (Client) and CRO (service provider) on outsourcing. 1.7 THE STRUCTURE OF DISSERTATION This paper consists of following chapters which are, Dissertation document structure: Chapter 1: Introduction In chapter 1, an introduction to outsourcing and clinical research industry was given in order to provide the reader a good background of outsourcing and clinical research industry. The Chapter also addresses why UK Pharma companies choose CRO in Asian countries (India) for outsourcing and the relationship between them. Chapter 2: Literature review This chapter provides background information on the processes of outsourcing as well as gives an overview of outsourcing within the clinical research industry. Chapter 3: A structured research methodology A background on the research methodologies, knowledge claims, research strategies, and data collection was given as the first part of this chapter. The implemented research process and methodology for this research study was explained subsequently. The last part of the chapter addressed the validation process and the objectives achieved through the research study. The author of this thesis selected a research methodology mixing the quantitative and qualitative methods as explained by Creswell (Creswell, J. W., 2003). The questionnaires designed for collecting data had open-and-closed ended questions to obtain both quantitative and qualitative data for the analysis. An extensive literature review of existing trend of outsourcing clinical research project was carried out. Chapter 4: Company Case Chapter 5: Data Collection and Analysis of the project Six interview were conducted from the UK Pharma and CRO in India to gain an understanding of the process and the activities outsourced by the pharmaceutical industry, benefits and risks involve in outsourcing, why Indian CRO are considered better to outsource the clinical research projects and what is the future prospects of outsourcing clinical research by developing good relationship between client and CRO. Chapter 6: Conclusions and Recommendations The primary conclusion from this study is that outsourcing is a necessity within in the clinical research industry. The study concluded that the many pharmaceuticals from UK are outsourcing their clinical research to Asian countries for fast, cost effective and quality results. The study also concluded that the relationship between the client and the CRO is the key element for the future of outsourcing clinical research. CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 INTRODUCTION In the previous chapters I have presented the overall background to the topic and also supportive literature to the outsourcing of clinical research along with relationship building in between CRO and pharma. The main aim of this chapter is to outline the research methodology used for this topic. In this chapter we will provide and discuss the content of the research approach towards the topic and designing of it used throughout the study of it. 3.2 RESEARCH PROCESS This is traditional and highly structured view of research process. This model also provides research as neat and orderly process, with one stage leading logically on to the other. As provided in step 1 research topic can be identified as a result of your course, work, job, interest area or general experience. On the basis of research topic in order to narrow down the research area, research problem is defined which focuses on particular research problem with small enough of investigation. Next step is to tell how exactly the research is to be conducted which is followed by the collection of the data which includes primary and secondary data. After analyzing and interpreting this collected data final report is being written. 3.3 NATURE OF RESEARCH PROBLEM Conducting research in the real world was a challenge for dissertation due to the lack of a central body/authority to provide information related to pharmaceutical and CRO confidential data regarding outsourcing of clinical research. The followings are some of the key challenges faced during the research process: 3.3.1 Lack of transparency An effort was made to address some questions through the questionnaires related to the outsourcing of clinical research and its benefits, the risks you face when you outsource processes to the CRO, the key issues that lead to a loss of business from the clients, and the competencies that differentiate the CRO from its competitors. These questions were either not answered or answered with uncertainties by some respondents. The author has to take out the information through indirect ways of addressing the questions over the interviews conducted with some of the Operational managers and employees in person or through phone interviews. This indeed increased the time and effort in the data collection phase in the research process but was overcome with certain limitations. 3.3.2 Inadequate references: The author had struggled to find good references or documents related to outsourcing clinical research, its future and all the other relevant data was offered either through the common portal or the business departments sites. The lack of academic case studies on information security, publications, or white papers was a challenge for the extraction of information in the literature review and data analysis. Despite the above challenges, the objectives of the research as mentioned in Section 1.4 were the pillars of the research methodology and the research process was implemented to achieve them. 3.4 RESEARCH METHOD Research method tells about the methodologies used for the research topic. The main aim of this method is to discuss and select the appropriate method to achieve the research objectives which also provide the structured and systematic way throughout the process to perform the research. A Research Method is nothing but a way in which the data is arranged to get desired output. It can also be defines as a systematic and orderly approach to the collection and analysis of data. In any research collected or gathered is always called as samples or data, which is raw, specific, untreated, undigested and therefore largely meaningless. The analysis arranges the data in a meaningful manner and resolves research questions. So it is very important to select a correct analysis method on the correct set of data to get accurate results and outputs for the research problem. There are several different analytical methods, which are commonly used in business and management research works. These methods vary according to the nature and scope of the topic and thesis, the sources of data to be used, the purposes of gathering data, the amount of control in obtaining the data, and assumptions to be made in analyzing the data. 3.5 RESEARCH DESIGN Research design is a ‘Science of planning procedures for conducting studies so as to get the most valid findings (Vogt, 1993, P.196). Research design will give you detailed plan and guide about focus of your research. Research design is a strategic research approach which is adopted to answer the research questions. The research approaches are classified as exploratory, descriptive or analytical research. Exploratory research is generally conducted for the topics where hardly any few or nothing to refer for the researcher in terms of work done by previous researcher. Researcher conducts the exploratory research for three main purposes a) diagnosing a situation, b) Screening alternatives, C) Discovering new ideas.(Zikmund,200). In general exploratory research is meaningful in any kind of situation where there is not a exact understanding in order to proceed with research (malhotra, 2004). Research conducted for this project was largely exploratory, which involved brand equity research; a research wherein the researcher determines the favorability of a particular brand among its customers [Trochim, W.M.K, 2006]. In order to fulfill the aims and objectives set for this project a schedule of tasks to be completed was drawn up: 1. A comprehensive study of article and reports which dealt with basic outsourcing as a concept. 2. A study of articles and reports related to outsourcing within the clinical research industry to provide an insight into the functioning of pharmaceutical companies. 3. Evaluation of the information gathered so as to compile a literature review. 4. Preparation of questionnaires as tools to obtain the generic information about outsourcing within a leading pharmaceutical company. 5. Selecting relevant interviewees for conducting the interview. 6. Preparation of questionnaires in order to interview key people within the organisation who were responsible for ensuring that deliverables are met in a timely manner. 7. Conducting the interviews 8. Transcription of the responses obtained during the interviews 9. Analysing the responses obtained and generating the results. 10. Conclusions and recommendations from the results obtained. These tasks required a comprehensive collection of information from various sources. The collection of data for analysis and interpretation was done in two phases: 1. Desk Research 2. Field Research 3.5.1 Desk Research The desk research comprised a comprehensive and extensive literature review in order to gain a thorough understanding of the industry, outsourcing. This took place during the first four weeks of the project. The reading material covered a range of internet articles and industrial reports. The majority of the articles were found by using internet research. This method of research involved the extensive use of the Internet especially the World Wide Web [Berry, D. M. (2004)]. The search engines used to look for information included Google, Yahoo, MSN, Google Scholar and the UWIC library search hub. Some reports were also provided by the Industry Supervisor. The articles were read and the information which was relevant to the project aims was reviewed and included in the literature review which forms the second chapter of the thesis. Some of the well known reports such as the Tufts reports and a report by Alison Sahoo, (2006) on Pharmaceutical Outsourcing Strategies did not only provide very good background information but also provided a plethora of information on outsourcing. Name of report Kind of information provided McKinsey Reports These reports provide comprehensive information on issues such as consolidation, licensing, biotechnology pipeline, outsourcing within the industry etc [McKinsey company website, accessed on 12 Dec 2009] Tufts Reports Strategic information for drug developers, regulator and academic researchers to help improve the quality of pharmaceutical development, review and utilisation [Tufts website, accessed on 15 Dec 2009] International Biopharmaceutical Association Publications The publications give information on product updates, news and industry trends, these journals have articles on the current issues related to the industry [IBPA website, accessed on 20 Dec 2009] William Blair Company reports These reports provide information on research providers and high quality growth companies. [William Blair and Company website, accessed on 22 Dec 2009] International Monetary Fund reports These reports provide information on high quality research and publish articles by a variety of guests on a number of topics [IMF Staff Papers, accessed on 27 Dec 2009] 3.5.2 Field Research The research on the subject of outsourcing included the construction of questionnaires and interviewing internal members of a leading CRO in order to fulfil the aim of the project. There are two types of research classified on the basis of type of questioning: 1. Quantitative research 2. Qualitative research Quantitative research is research which uses a combination of inferential statistics and descriptive statistics as tools to analyze data and draw conclusions. It involves random sampling techniques to enable valid and credible sampling from a particular population. This kind of market research includes surveys and questionnaires which express a statistically significant result. [Bradburn et. Al. 1988] Qualitative research, on the other hand, generally precedes the quantitative research. It aids in understanding a problem, setting up a hypothesis and determining the route to be taken for the quantitative research. This type of research is expensive and does not progress as rapidly as its counterpart. The number of respondents in this type of research is few and therefore the results of such a research cannot be extrapolated to the entire population [Malhotra, 2006]. The essential guide to doing research The research carried out in this study was qualitative in nature and hence did not generate a large amount of statistical information. It was decided, with the consent of the University and the Industry Supervisors, that the aims and objectives of the project could be fulfilled by interviewing relevant people within the CRO itself. There were four interviews, in total, which were conducted. Two interviews were conducted from the members which belong to pharmaceutical company and other two were conducted from CRO, which is service provider for this pharmaceutical company. 3.6 Data collection There are two main types of data collection primary data collection and secondary data collection. Primary data is the one which can be obtained by researcher directly, by observation or measurement of phenomenon in a real world without any disturbance of third party involvement. (walliman,2005). In every case researcher is answerable for his sources and should be able to argue in defense of quality of his sources. In secondary data the information is subjected to the source of reference. The main difference between primary and secondary data is, Primary data is originated by researcher for specific purpose of addressing the problem where as secondary data have been already collected for the purpose of other than problem (Malhotra, 2005). In the data collection process, both questionnaires and interviewing methods were adopted. The interview data were analyzed using the immersion approach (Robson, C., 2002) The questionnaires were designed to include open ended questions and closed ended questions in order to give the participants the flexibility to add more comments and points and not be restricted to the answers provided for any question (Creswell, J. W., 2003). 3.6.1 Review of secondary resources: * Related research papers, journals, industrial white papers, and surveys were researched, collected, indexed, and reviewed by the author. The objective of this step was to have a good repository of all journals and conference proceeds addressing the topic of outsourcing, different methods of outsourcing, clinical research industry, pharmaceutical industry , and increase in the outsourcing of CRO projects to developing countries like India , china etc. * During the course of the research, the author had either read or skimmed through more than 50 journals, whitepapers, conference proceedings, and books. Only 50 references regarded useful to the research were indexed and documented. 3.6.2 Identifying Interviewees: It was of paramount importance to select the right people to interview from a plethora of people, each skilled in their own field. With the intention of obtaining the maximum amount of information from the interviewees about outsourcing within the clinical research industry, people who were crucial to increasing the business opportunities for the leading pharmaceutical were chosen for these interviews. These people form a bridge between the top pharmaceutical companies and the CRO; hence it was decided that they were the best in the field of outsourcing within the CRO and therefore were selected for the interview. The questionnaires for the interviews were prepared accordingly. The field research was carried out in two phases: 1. Phase I: Preparation of questionnaires 2. Phase II: Conducting the interviews Phase I (the preparation of the questionnaire) required the author of this thesis to have an appreciation of the challenges of the industry and the current state of the art with respect to outsourcing in order to be able to target the questions in the most appropriate manner. There were two different questionnaires employed and these were directed at two different business activities that could be outsourced. These were: 1. Questionnaire for members belonging to pharmaceutical company. 2. Questionnaire for members who are part of CRO Structured interviews: Two questionnaires (A and B) were created and were sent to Pharmaceutical Company (Pharma) and the CRO (Clinical Research organisation) respectively with specific and direct questions related to the areas of research interest. A preliminary interview with the head of Outsourcing Department in the pharmaceutical company was conducted to explain the purpose of the research and seek his opinion on the questionnaires and their objectives. Some of the heads of the departments did not have the chance to fill questionnaire and requested the author to fill them during their interviews. Mailed/Online questionnaire Both questionnaires A B were sent to the appropriate participants. The participants were invited based on their management involvement and based on their strong background on the outsourcing issues. The questionnaires were sent via email to them and the feedbacks were received through email. Both questionnaires A and B were developed as an output of this phase with different sets of questions addressed to the two categories of respondents (pharmaceutical company and Clinical Research Organisation). The questionnaires were sent and assistance offered to clarify the questionnaires questions if needed. The background information was obtained by a comprehensive study of the available literature and that has been reported in Chapter III. This chapter aims to report the results obtained during the interviews which were conducted as part of the research. 3.6.3 Questionnaire for members belonging to pharmaceutical company related to outsourcing This questionnaire was designed to obtain informat

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Acknowledgement The completion of this business was made possible through the support and encouragements of some important people and the group members, AlfieCajucom, Rishvert Romano, Dustin Del Rosario and Maria Mayella Malang. Friends, Jenina Dela Fuente and Diane Cruz and many significant others. The members of the group is greatly thankful to Mam Rosalita DG..Abello for her comprehensive effort in assisting us to complete this business venture Finally, we are deeply grateful to our Almighty God, from whom we got the needed wisdom and inspiration. INTRODUCTION The lifestyle of our world today is totally different from the past few years. Big and small businesses began to spread out. Being young entrepreneurs the group members are willing to take the risk in putting up a business that can make each one a successful individual in the future. The Pastry Yard is a business of young and brave students, who joined the pastry industry in the form of a simple business. The Pastry Yard sells delightful products with an affordable price. It aims to satisfy the palate of their target market. Competitors will always around that is why the members are doing their best to make the group’s business successful. The Pastry Yard products has a potential in the pastry industry. I. Company Overview A. Name of Business: THE PASTRY YARD The group decided to choose The Pastry Yard for its business, because YARD means the first letter of the group member’s first name. Y for Yella, A for Alfie, R for Rishvert and D for Dustin and added â€Å"PASTRY† to signify the concept that the business products is all about pastries. B. Description of the Business: The Pastry Yard is a retailing type of business. The business decided to propose a business which is selling butterscotch and tarts since they will always be saleable in any season. Foods come in different varieties and tastes but pastries are all time-favorites so the group makes sure that the products are tasty and delicious. Aside from personal selling and offering, the business reaches its target market through its affordable price that is convenient to the students, teachers, employees and even the guardian and the parents inside the campus of St. Mary’s College of Baliuag. C. Name of the Group:Ka Bert’s The owners agreed to the name Ka Bert’s after the name of Rishvert John Romano who is given a pet name â€Å"Berto† acting as the leader of the group. D. Business Owners: Name Nationality Address Role % of Ownership Maria Mayella T. Malang Filipino Bahay Pare, Candaba, Pampanga General Partner 25% Alfie G. Cajucom Filipino Sulivan, Baliuag, Bulacan General Partner 25% Rishvert John T. Romano Filipino Milflora Homes, Sabang, Baliuag, Bulacan General Partner 25% Dustin Del Rosario Filipino Poblacion, Bustos, Bulacan General Partner 25% E. Business Structure: Type of Business Organization: Partnership The owners decided to form a partnership type of business organization for the following reasons: a. The business is easy to establish and start-up costs are low. b. The liabilities are limited c. With more than one owner, the ability to raise funds may be increased. d. Partnerships provide moral support and will allow for more creative brainstorming F. Business Location: The business is located at St. Mary’s College of Baliuag Campus G. Vision: To build up a small business that will offer a unique and savory pastries. Mission: To provide the customers with the best food experience from beginning to end. Goals: To encourage people on eating healthier foods especially the students. To introduce pastries to the people reach by the business. Objectives: To provide and satisfy people in producing a kind of product that can help in utilizing resources by means of selling and gaining profit. MARKETING ANALYIS A. Market Description The Pastry Yard is a business that offers pastries. The business is an advantage for the students having a hard time during break time going to canteen because the product itself will find their find their way to its customers. Pastries are not sold in the school canteen that is why the group saw this as a business opportunity to sell to the students who are looking for something to eat. B. Target Market The group’s target market are the teachers, employees and even the guardian and the parents of the St. Mary’s College of Baliuag. C. Target Area The group’s target area is at St. Mary’s College of Baliuag Quadrangle, located at Racelis St. Baliuag, Bulacan, D. Market Demographics The business targets both male and female with age ranging from 7 years old and above inside the SMCB Campus. E. Products Butter scotch Tart F. Market Positioning Selling the best pastries at an affordable price is the image wanted by the business. G. PRICING Pricing below competition The products price is simply the same with our competitors. This strategy is working best on the group’s efforts. It reduces costs and develops good marketing strategies. Product The Pastry Yard SM Tart Php. 10.00 each Php. 15.00 each Butter scotch Php. 15.00 each Php. 20.00 each Pricing above competition Location and exclusivity of product is one factor that affects the pricing quality. The group that stocks high quality of product will have the potentials in building a price above their competitors. Product The Pastry Yard Market Tart Php. 10.00 each Php. 8.00 each Butterscotch Php. 15.00 each Php. 12.00 each Cost plus markup pricing It is a strategy and it is usually used if there are many products being sold. The group sells tart and butterscotch. The record cost Php. 15.00 and Php. 10.00 and that Php. 15.00 and Php. 10.00. A percentage is added which also served as the profit. PRODUCT COST SELLING PRICE MARK-UP PRICE PERCENTAGE Tart Php. 7.00 Php. 10.00 Php. 3.00 30% Butterscotch Php. 10.00 Php. 15.00 Php. 5.00 33% Multiple Pricing This is selling more than one product, with different price. The group is selling one product individually. This multiple pricing is great in markdowns and events, but some consumers tends to patronize this strategy because they can buy products in larger amounts. H.DEMAND AND SUPPLY ANALYSIS (GAP) Consumers will purchase the product in a lower price and less of good in higher prices. When it comes to supply producers will sell less of goods in lower price and more goods in higher prices. High school students and faculty members are the common customer. The group bases the demand on the total number of sales which is 210 but not all the students buys the product. The demand is low because the business is just starting and do not have permanent store. SALES POPULATION DEMAND HIGHSCHOOL 120 885 7.38 COLLEGE 90 165 1.83 SALES POPULATION DEMAND HIGHSCHOOL 100 885 8.85 COLLEGE 80 165 2.06 I. MARKETING STRATEGIES AND PLANS Our business provides a cheap and good quality of pastry products. Products are assured of its cleanliness and affordability. As a marketing strategy this is done by means of word of mouth because every time people buys the products they can talk about it with their colleagues. SELLING CHANNELS The group members are selling our product personally and it is given directly to the customers. The group sells the product by roaming around the vicinity of the school. COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS Nature of the Competition Selling pastry products is totally in demand in the world today. Despite the presence of competitors in the market, the Pastry Yard is confident that its products are different with a unique characteristics. Direct Competitors The direct competitors of our product are the two groups (C-creations) that sells baked goodies. Strengths and Weaknesses The pastry industry now a days is getting bigger and it became a new trend in the market. Pastry Yard basically gives the customers a chance to taste a delightful and different pastry products. The group weakness is the unavailability of machineries and baking tools in making and producing pastry products. Competitive advantage The Pastry Yard advantage is selling freshly baked tarts and butterscotch which will satisfy one palate. a. MANAGEMENT/PERSONNEL Management consists of the interlocking functions of creating corporate policy and organizing, planning, controlling, and directing an organization’s resources in order to achieve the objectives of that policy. b. Ownership The type of business is partnership, before the business starts, the proponents contributed capital and chooses their respective role in running the business. The proponent agreed to divide the business profit equally. c. DUTIES AND REPONSIBILITIES Cashier Responsible in managing the business profit Responsible in preparing business financial statements Production Officer Responsible in processing the products to be sold Ensure the product are clean and safe with the best quality Sales Crew Responsible for business promotion Responsible for selling the product Responsible for communicating with the customer Purchaser Accountable for buying quality products Ensuring the cleanliness of the ingredients d. BACKGROUND AND EXPERIENCES FINANCE OFFICER (Cashier) The Finance Officer of the business is Maria Mayella T. Malang. She is a student of Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management. She is in charge of budgeting and monitoring the money that are coming from the business. She is responsible for ensuring that the financial statements of the business are complete and accurate. PRODUCTION OFFICER The Production Officer of the business is Dustin Del Rosario. He is a student of Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management. He is in charge and responsible of the products that are ready for selling. Ensure the cleanliness and the safety of the product. MANAGEMENT OFFICER The Management Officer of the business is Alfie G. Cajucom. He is a student of Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management. He is in charge for business promotions and responsible in selling the product. MARKETING OFFICER The Marketing Officer of the business is Rishvert Romano. He is a student of Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management. He is responsible for buying quality pastry products. He is also responsible for ensuring the cleanliness of the products. e. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS Cashier Must be a graduate of any 4 year course Experienced in managing budget Must be at least 18 years old Production Officer Must be a graduate of any 4 year course Outstanding communicator skills Excellent in quality control Sales Crew Must be a graduate of any 4 year course Must possess excellent customer service skills Must be at least 18 years old Purchaser Strong and confident communicator Must be a graduate of any 4 year course Must be at least 18 years old and above WEAKNESS The business do not have its own store for which the buyer can visit and order their preferred goods. Another weakness is that the business buys the product that they offer and just add a little mark ups to earn profit. STRENGTH Customers want variety of products that’s why the business provides customers options to buy either tart or butterscotch. The Products are affordable and will surely satisfy the customer tummies. IV. BUSINESS OPERATIONS A. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION A Tart is a baked dish consisting of a filling over a pastry base with an open top not covered with pasty. The pastry is usually short crust pastry, the filling may be sweet or savory, though modern tarts are usually with yema fillings. A Butterscotch is a chewy flour based pastry like brownies that is baked with peanut toppings. B. PROCESS FLOW Pastry Yard ordered the product from a source and delivered to the group ready for selling. The group walks around the school to sell the product to the customers who are usually students and teachers. C. INVENTORIES The raw materials that are used in the business are not owned by our group. Because we are just getting our product in a manufacturer of pastries. PRODUCT  DISTRIBUTOR BUTTERSCOTCH RONALD TADEO TART RONALD TADEO E. PLANT SITE The Pastry Yard is located inside the school vicinity of St. Mary’s College of Baliuag Quadrangle. F. PLANT LAY OUT We usually sell our product at Sacred Heart Building. G. WASTE AND WASTE DISPOSAL The group maintains the cleanliness in the designated area inside the school campus. Separate containers are used to prevent food contamination. Members of the group are obliged to clean and pick up the trash that came from selling tarts and butterscotch. VI. Socio Desirability Business believes that change starts from within. It is the main reason why the business are built and established the community, and help individuals in their lives. It increases and promote an economic friendly environment. 1. Employee The Pastry Yard owners are also the crew or service staff of the business. The group didn’t hire crews because the business is just starting and still manageable. 2. Community The Pastry Yard wants to shout out the care for the community and the environment. A ten percent donation will be given to HRM HARMONIES for the incoming activities of the said club. 3. Government Success in business requires a very crucial part in our government. The Pastry Yard pay the right amount of taxes when is continue to succeed. 4. Environment The Pastry Yard inspires the community in living in a healthy and clean lifestyles, and how to value and care to our environment. Unlike other businesses that sells pastries, The Pastry Yard knows how to retain and produce a green community. The Pastry Yard promotes the use of â€Å"reduce, reuse and recycle†. Financial Assumptions 1. The sales of Tart per day are 30 and sales of Butterscotch per day are 25. 2. Purchases of Tart per day are 30 and purchases of Butterscotch per day are 25. 3. The mark up price for tart is 30% while 33% for butterscotch.